Which term refers to the analysis that goes beyond the data presented to make forecasts or predictions?

The term that describes the analysis which goes beyond the data presented to generate forecasts or predictions is inferential statistics. This branch of statistics allows analysts to make conclusions about a population based on a sample of data. Through inferential statistics, researchers can test hypotheses, derive estimates, and explore relationships that enable them to predict future outcomes. This approach relies heavily on probability theory and can incorporate various models to understand patterns and trends.

In contrast, descriptive statistics primarily summarizes or describes a dataset, providing insight into the characteristics of the data but not extending beyond it to make predictions. Subjective data analysis focuses on the interpretation of data that may be influenced by personal opinions, while correlation analysis investigates the relationship between two variables but does not inherently involve predictions or wider conclusions about a population. Hence, inferential statistics is the appropriate term when referring to the analysis that extends beyond existing data to anticipate future events.